{"id":3029,"date":"2023-11-17T12:14:58","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T12:14:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/springerhealthcare.nl\/france\/?p=3029"},"modified":"2023-11-17T15:23:31","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T15:23:31","slug":"brain-and-body-are-more-intertwined-than-we-knew","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/springerhealthplus.nl\/shmigrate\/brain-and-body-are-more-intertwined-than-we-knew\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain and body are more intertwined than we knew"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663187695627{padding-bottom: 37px !important;background-image: url(http:\/\/springerhealthcare.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/09\/science_connect_back.png?id=2486) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;sciencetitle&#8221;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Science Connect&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fspringerhealthcare.nl%2Ffrance%2Fscience-connect-november-2023%2F&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663186747780{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 24px; line-height: 29px;\">A Springer Healthcare Initiative For Pharma Professionals<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ee7d11; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 2px;\">NOVEMBER 2023<br \/>\n<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1538651642953{padding-top: 75px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1538657061395{border-right-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;border-right-color: #8faec1 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading source=&#8221;post_title&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|font_size:40px|text_align:left|line_height:60px&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Merriweather%3Aregular%2Citalic|font_style:700%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; el_class=&#8221;title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664358136969{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686833173052{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A host of disorders once thought to be nothing to do with the brain are, in fact, tightly coupled to nervous-system activity.<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;3044&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;hero-img&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695902816200{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;sc-img-caption&#8221;]Changes in the make-up of microorganisms in the gut have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease. Credit: Steve Gschmeissner\/SPL[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<div>\n<p>For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the body\u2019s most valuable \u2014 and consequently most closely guarded \u2014 asset. Locked safely behind a biological barrier, away from the hurly-burly of the rest of the body, it was broadly free of the ravages of invading germs, the battles waged by the immune system and the constant churn of cells.<\/p>\n<p>Then, 20-odd years ago, some researchers began to ask a heretical question: is the brain really so isolated? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no \u2014 and has important implications for both science and health care.<\/p>\n<p>The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms resident in the gut, for example, have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease and motor neuron disease. Some researchers think that certain infections could provoke the onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease; there is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to autism spectrum disorder in babies.<\/p>\n<p>The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system in which the brain and the neural processes that connect it to the body play a large part. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of neurons that control body temperature and appetite. The effect of brain on body is underlined by the finding that stimulating a particular brain region in mice can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-00260-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-00260-3\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">\u2018remind\u2019 the body of previous bouts of inflammation<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 and reproduce them<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The list goes on. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. In this week\u2019s\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em>, Michelle Monje and her colleagues<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0show how some brain cancers consolidate connections with neurons that enhance their progression. Meanwhile, Jonathan Lovelace and his colleagues<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0explore the neural pathway that can cause a drop in blood pressure and fainting. This comprises a group of nerves that project from the heart to the brainstem.<\/p>\n<p>These findings and others mark a radical shift in our view of the nervous system, and neuroscientists are still only beginning to explore its impacts. To really get to grips with how the brain and the body are entangled, researchers in a range of fields will need to work together more closely. Ultimately, the goal should be to study the interplay between the brain and body in humans. This will require methods for accessing brain function, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, as Emily Finn and her colleagues<sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0describe in a Perspective article.<\/p>\n<p>The interconnectedness of brain and body has tantalizing implications for our ability to both understand and treat illness. If some brain conditions start outside the brain, then perhaps therapies for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, heart or other organs, for instance, would be much easier and less invasive to administer than those that must cross the blood\u2013brain barrier, the brain\u2019s first line of defence against pathogens and other insults from the body.<\/p>\n<p>In the reverse direction, the effects of our emotions or mood on our capacity to recover from illness could also be exploited. There is, for instance, preliminary work under way testing whether stimulating certain areas of the brain that respond to reward and produce feelings of positivity could enhance recovery from conditions such as heart attacks. Perhaps even more exciting is the possibility that making changes to our behaviour \u2014 to reduce stress, say \u2014 could have similar benefits.<\/p>\n<p>For neuroscientists, it\u2019s time to look beyond the brain. And clinicians treating the body mustn\u2019t assume the brain is above getting involved \u2014 its activity could be influencing a wide range of conditions, from mild infections to chronic obesity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Nature<\/em>\u00a0<strong>623<\/strong>, 223-224 (2023)<\/p>\n<p><em>doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-023-03435-2<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>Koren, T et al. <em>Cell<\/em> <strong>184<\/strong>, 5902\u20135915 (2021).<\/li>\n<li>Taylor, K. R. et al. <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>623<\/strong>, 366\u2013374 (2023).<\/li>\n<li>Lovelace, J. W. et al. <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>623<\/strong>, 387\u2013396 (2023).<\/li>\n<li>Finn, E. S., Poldrack, R. A. &amp; Shine, J. M. <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>623<\/strong>, 263\u2013273 (2023).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u00a9 2023 Springer Nature Limited.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1538657003956{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;ISSUES&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%23333333|line_height:18px&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; el_class=&#8221;titlewidget&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;columnflex&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664404002021{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;]<p><a href=\"\/science-connect-october-2023\/\">October 2023<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"\/science-connect-september-2023\/\">September 2023<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"\/science-connect-august-2023\/\">August 2023<\/a><\/p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;OTHER ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%23333333|line_height:18px&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; el_class=&#8221;titlewidget&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1674576179369{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;][vc_basic_grid post_type=&#8221;post&#8221; max_items=&#8221;-1&#8243; style=&#8221;load-more&#8221; items_per_page=&#8221;4&#8243; element_width=&#8221;12&#8243; orderby=&#8221;rand&#8221; item=&#8221;538&#8243; grid_id=&#8221;vc_gid:1700234489898-a36d2662-056e-7&#8243; taxonomies=&#8221;33&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A host of disorders once thought to be nothing to do with the brain are, in fact, tightly coupled to nervous-system activity.<a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/springerhealthplus.nl\/shmigrate\/brain-and-body-are-more-intertwined-than-we-knew\/\">  ...more<\/a>","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":3060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[29,33],"class_list":{"0":"post-3029","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science-connect","8":"tag-nature-briefings","9":"tag-november-2023"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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