{"id":2925,"date":"2023-09-25T09:33:56","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T08:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/springerhealthcare.nl\/france\/?p=2925"},"modified":"2023-09-28T13:05:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T12:05:08","slug":"indias-first-sun-mission-will-investigate-the-origins-of-space-weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/springerhealthplus.nl\/shmigrate\/indias-first-sun-mission-will-investigate-the-origins-of-space-weather\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s first Sun mission will investigate the origins of space weather"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663187695627{padding-bottom: 37px !important;background-image: url(http:\/\/springerhealthcare.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/09\/science_connect_back.png?id=2486) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;sciencetitle&#8221;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Science Connect&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fspringerhealthcare.nl%2Ffrance%2Fscience-connect-september-2023%2F&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663186747780{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 24px; line-height: 29px;\">A Springer Healthcare Initiative For Pharma Professionals<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ee7d11; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 2px;\">SEPTEMBER 2023<br \/>\n<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1538651642953{padding-top: 75px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1538657061395{border-right-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;border-right-color: #8faec1 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading source=&#8221;post_title&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|font_size:40px|text_align:left|line_height:60px&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Merriweather%3Aregular%2Citalic|font_style:700%20regular%3A700%3Anormal&#8221; el_class=&#8221;title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664358136969{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686833173052{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Aditya-L1 will join other spacecraft from Europe and the United States in an attempt to understand our stormy star.<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;intro-box&#8221;]<span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\">By T.V. Padma<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2930&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;hero-img&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695902705981{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;sc-img-caption&#8221;]Aditya-L1 sits aboard its launch vehicle at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. Credit: ISRO\/EPA-EFE\/Shutterstock[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<p>On 2 September, India launched its first spacecraft to study the Sun, marking another aerospace engineering success for the nation, hot on the heels of landing a spacecraft on the Moon last month.<\/p>\n<p>After a journey lasting 1.5 million kilometres and 4 months, the solar mission, named Aditya-L1, will join four other spacecraft circling a point in space known as Lagrange point 1 (L1).<\/p>\n<p>Following the launch, Aditya-L1\u2019s project director at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in Bengaluru, Nigar Shaji, said that the mission \u201cwill be an asset to heliophysicists of the country and even the global scientific fraternity\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>But with L1 already busy with solar missions and other solar observatories orbiting Earth, what makes the Indian mission different?<\/p>\n<h2>Solar flares and storms<\/h2>\n<p>Aditya-L1 is \u201ca unique observatory\u201d, according to solar physicist Dibyendu Nandi at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata. He says it combines instruments that address three outstanding problems in solar physics, namely how stars such as the Sun sustain their super-hot outer layer; how variations in the Sun\u2019s magnetic field affect Earth\u2019s atmosphere; and how the Sun\u2019s magnetic fields create violent solar storms.<\/p>\n<p>Aditya-L1 is equipped with seven instruments to observe the Sun\u2019s layers. Using electromagnetic and particle detectors it will, from a safe distance of 148.5 million kilometres, examine the outer atmosphere, or corona, of the Sun. The mission is expected to throw light on the properties of the corona and what prompts coronal mass ejections (CMEs) \u2014 large expulsions of electrons, ions and magnetic fields. Knowing how CMEs vary with latitude and longitude on the Sun and over time will help researchers to understand the physics of these events.<\/p>\n<p>The mission will also examine the Sun\u2019s lower atmosphere, called the chromosphere, and the boundary between the Sun\u2019s atmosphere and its interior, called the photosphere.<\/p>\n<p>India will be taking some new technology to the craft\u2019s vantage point. Annapurni Subramaniam, director of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bengaluru and her team have developed the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) for Aditya-L1 to monitor the inner corona. \u201cThe uniqueness of the VELC is its simultaneous observations in multiple wavelength bands closer to the solar limb,\u201d she says, referring to the darker edges of the Sun.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cData from VELC will help to understand the initial acceleration of coronal mass ejections that are the most dangerous space-weather events,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists are also looking forward to data from Aditya-L1\u2019s Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT), which will help them to study coronal heating and solar-wind acceleration. SUIT could, for the first time, provide images of the Sun\u2019s disk \u2014 the outer visible layer of gas and dust \u2014 in the near-ultraviolet (light with wavelengths of 200\u2013400 nanometres). \u201cSuch images have never been obtained and they will help us understand the crucial coupling or connections among the different layers of the solar atmosphere,\u201d says Durgesh Tripathi, an astrophysicist at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Pune, India.<\/p>\n<h2>Lagrange 1<\/h2>\n<p>Aditya-L1 will enter orbit around L1, one of five Lagrange points in space where the gravity between two bodies \u2014 in this case, the Sun and Earth \u2014 cancel each other out, such that a spacecraft there can remain in position with minimal use of fuel. L1 offers a good view of the Sun.<\/p>\n<p>Aditya-L1 will join four other craft also orbiting L1: the 1995 European Space Agency Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO); NASA\u2019s 1997 Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE); NASA\u2019s 2009 Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE); and 2015\u2019s Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), a mission involving NASA, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the US Air Force.<\/p>\n<p>Missions such as Aditya-L1 are providing more-accurate measurements than before thanks to advances in remote-sensing instrument design, says Juha-Pekka Luntama, who heads the space-weather office at the European Space Operations Centre in Germany. \u201cAll these missions complement each other, and it is a great scientific opportunity to have missions operating around the same time.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Space weather<\/h2>\n<p>Aditya-L1 will also help scientists to understand how connections between, and the dynamics within, the corona and chromosphere drive space weather, says Subramaniam.<\/p>\n<p>The Sun has a large and complex magnetic field which waxes and wanes, reaching a peak every 11 years, whereupon the field\u2019s north and south poles flip. The current solar cycle is predicted to reach its maximum in 2024\u20132025. With scientists expecting solar activity to keep rising over the next two years, \u201cthis is a good time to collect data\u201d, says Luntama.<\/p>\n<p>Electrical and electronic infrastructure on Earth can be vulnerable to the fluctuating magnetic fields of space weather, with data corruption or equipment failure possible. \u201cAs our dependence on space technology, and technology in general, is increasing in leaps and bounds, it has become a necessity to protect our technological assets from space weather and solar activity,\u201d says Subramaniam. Timely and accurate space-weather forecasts will help to protect crucial infrastructure and to ensure astronauts\u2019 safety during future missions to the Moon and Mars, adds Luntama.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to gathering data on the Sun, Aditya-L1 will monitor the solar wind at L1. Nandi says this will \u201chelp characterize the space weather just before it impacts the Earth, and of which we would like to have advance knowledge\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><em>Nature<\/em>\u00a0<strong>621<\/strong>, 240-241 (2023)<\/p>\n<p><em>doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-023-02811-2<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u00a9 2023 Springer Nature Limited.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1538657003956{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;ISSUES&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%23333333|line_height:18px&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; el_class=&#8221;titlewidget&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;columnflex&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664404002021{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;]<p><a href=\"\/science-connect-october-2023\/\">October 2023<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"\/science-connect-september-2023\/\">September 2023<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"\/science-connect-august-2023\/\">August 2023<\/a><\/p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;OTHER ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%23333333|line_height:18px&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; el_class=&#8221;titlewidget&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1674576179369{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;][vc_basic_grid post_type=&#8221;post&#8221; max_items=&#8221;-1&#8243; style=&#8221;load-more&#8221; items_per_page=&#8221;4&#8243; element_width=&#8221;12&#8243; orderby=&#8221;rand&#8221; item=&#8221;538&#8243; grid_id=&#8221;vc_gid:1695902690785-4b73e89d-dd66-9&#8243; taxonomies=&#8221;31&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Aditya-L1 will join other spacecraft from Europe and the United States in an attempt to understand our stormy star.<a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/springerhealthplus.nl\/shmigrate\/indias-first-sun-mission-will-investigate-the-origins-of-space-weather\/\">  ...more<\/a>","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":2922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[29,31],"class_list":{"0":"post-2925","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science-connect","8":"tag-nature-briefings","9":"tag-september-2023"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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