{"id":2782,"date":"2023-08-01T00:06:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T23:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/springerhealthcare.nl\/france\/?p=2782"},"modified":"2023-08-22T14:12:37","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T13:12:37","slug":"neuroscientists-re-create-pink-floyd-song-from-listeners-brain-activity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/springerhealthplus.nl\/shmigrate\/neuroscientists-re-create-pink-floyd-song-from-listeners-brain-activity\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuroscientists Re-create Pink Floyd Song from Listeners\u2019 Brain Activity"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1663187695627{padding-bottom: 37px !important;background-image: url(http:\/\/springerhealthcare.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/09\/science_connect_back.png?id=2486) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” el_class=”sciencetitle”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Science Connect” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” use_theme_fonts=”yes” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fspringerhealthcare.nl%2Ffrance%2Fscience-connect-august-2023%2F”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1663186747780{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}”]A Springer Healthcare Initiative For Pharma Professionals<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]AUGUST 2023
\n<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1538651642953{padding-top: 75px !important;}”][vc_column width=”3\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1538657061395{border-right-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;border-right-color: #8faec1 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;}”][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:40px|text_align:left|line_height:60px” google_fonts=”font_family:Merriweather%3Aregular%2Citalic|font_style:700%20regular%3A700%3Anormal” el_class=”title” css=”.vc_custom_1664358136969{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1686833173052{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”]Artificial intelligence has turned the brain\u2019s electrical signals into somewhat garbled classic rock<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”intro-box”]By Lucy Tu<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]

\"neuroscientists-re-create-pink-floyd-song-from-listeners-brain-activity\" <\/div> <\/div>[vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1689357052532{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}” el_class=”sc-img-caption”]Pink Floyd performs on stage at Earl\u2019s Court in London during The Wall Tour on August 6, 1980. Researchers re-created the band\u2019s song \u201cAnother Brick in the Wall, Part 1\u201d from listeners\u2019 brain activity. Credit: Rob Verhorst\/Redferns\/Getty Images[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]

Researchers hope\u00a0brain implants<\/a>\u00a0will one day help people who have lost the ability to speak to get their voice back\u2014and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain\u2019s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music.<\/p>\n

A new study analyzed data from 29 people who were already being monitored for epileptic seizures using postage-stamp-size arrays of electrodes that were placed directly on the surface of their brain. As the participants listened to Pink Floyd\u2019s 1979 song \u201cAnother Brick in the Wall, Part 1<\/a>,\u201d the electrodes captured the electrical activity of several brain regions attuned to musical elements such as tone, rhythm, harmony and lyrics. Employing machine learning, the researchers reconstructed garbled but distinctive audio of what the participants were hearing. The study results were\u00a0published on Tuesday in\u00a0PLOS Biology<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Neuroscientists have worked for decades to decode what people are seeing, hearing or thinking from brain activity alone. In 2012 a team that included the new study\u2019s senior author\u2014cognitive neuroscientist Robert Knight of the University of California, Berkeley\u2014became the first to successfully\u00a0reconstruct audio recordings<\/a>\u00a0of words participants heard while wearing implanted electrodes. Others have since used similar techniques to reproduce recently\u00a0viewed or imagined pictures<\/a>\u00a0from participants\u2019 brain scans, including human faces and landscape photographs. But the recent\u00a0PLOS Biology<\/em>\u00a0paper by Knight and his colleagues is the first to suggest that scientists can eavesdrop on the brain to synthesize music.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese exciting findings build on previous work to reconstruct plain speech from brain activity,\u201d says Shailee Jain, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the new study. \u201cNow we\u2019re able to really dig into the brain to unearth the sustenance of sound.\u201d<\/p>\n

To turn brain activity data into musical sound in the study, the researchers trained an artificial intelligence model to decipher data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the Pink Floyd song while undergoing surgery.<\/p>\n

Why did the team choose Pink Floyd\u2014and specifically \u201cAnother Brick in the Wall, Part 1\u201d? \u201cThe scientific reason, which we mention in the paper, is that the song is very layered. It brings in complex chords, different instruments and diverse rhythms that make it interesting to analyze,\u201d says Ludovic Bellier, a cognitive neuroscientist and the study\u2019s lead author. \u201cThe less scientific reason might be that we just really like Pink Floyd.\u201d<\/p>\n

The AI model analyzed patterns in the brain\u2019s response to various components of the song\u2019s acoustic profile, picking apart changes in pitch, rhythm and tone. Then another AI model reassembled this disentangled composition to estimate the sounds that the patients heard. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. Its melody was roughly intact, and its lyrics were garbled but discernible if one knew what to listen for: \u201cAll in all, it was just a brick in the wall.\u201d<\/p>\n

The model also revealed which parts of the brain responded to different musical features of the song. The researchers found that some portions of the brain\u2019s audio processing center\u2014located in the superior temporal gyrus, just behind and above the ear\u2014respond to the onset of a voice or a synthesizer, while other areas groove to sustained hums.<\/p>\n

Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. No matter the language, speech contains melodic nuances, including tempo, stress, accents and intonation. \u201cThese elements, which we call prosody, carry meaning that we can\u2019t communicate with words alone,\u201d Bellier says. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces, assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of conditions such as stroke or paralysis.<\/p>\n

Jain says future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. \u201cI\u2019m hopeful that these findings would translate because similar brain regions are engaged when people imagine speaking a word, compared with physically vocalizing that word,\u201d she says. If a brain-computer interface could re-create someone\u2019s speech with the inherent prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could reconstruct far more than just words. \u201cInstead of robotically saying, \u2018I. Love. You,\u2019 you can yell, \u2018I love you!\u2019\u201d Knight says.<\/p>\n

Several hurdles remain before we can put this technology in the hands\u2014or brains\u2014of patients. For one thing, the model relies on electrical recordings taken directly from the surface of the brain. As brain recording techniques improve, it may be possible to gather these data without surgical implants\u2014perhaps using ultrasensitive electrodes attached to the scalp instead. The latter technology can be employed to identify single letters that participants imagine in their head, but the process takes about 20 seconds per letter\u2014nowhere near the speed of natural speech, which hurries by at around 125 words per minute.<\/p>\n

The researchers hope to make the garbled playback crisper and more comprehensible by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain\u2019s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces. Last year a team at the University of California, San Diego, developed a\u00a0densely packed electrode grid<\/a>\u00a0that offers brain-signal information at a resolution that is 100 times higher than that of current devices. \u201cToday we reconstructed a song,\u201d Knight says. \u201cMaybe tomorrow we can reconstruct the entire Pink Floyd album.\u201d<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u00a9 2023 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, A DIVISION OF SPRINGER NATURE AMERICA, INC.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

About the Author(s)<\/h3>\n

Lucy Tu<\/strong>\u00a0is a 2023 AAAS Mass Media Fellow at\u00a0Scientific American<\/em>. Follow her on Twitter\u00a0@LucyTTu<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1538657003956{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_custom_heading text=”ISSUES” font_container=”tag:h3|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%23333333|line_height:18px” use_theme_fonts=”yes” el_class=”titlewidget”][vc_column_text el_class=”columnflex” css=”.vc_custom_1664404002021{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}”]

October 2023<\/a><\/p>\r\n

September 2023<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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